Zobin

Lovin' Tech with Tea

DockerFile

⚠ 转载请注明出处：作者：ZobinHuang，更新日期：July 12 2021


知识共享许可协议

    本作品由 ZobinHuang 采用 知识共享署名-非商业性使用-禁止演绎 4.0 国际许可协议 进行许可，在进行使用或分享前请查看权限要求。若发现侵权行为，会采取法律手段维护作者正当合法权益，谢谢配合。


目录

有特定需要的内容直接跳转到相关章节查看即可。

    Section 1. 编写 DockerFile：xxx

    Section 2. docker build 构建镜像：xxx

    Section 3. docker run 运行镜像：xxx

    Section 4. 实例：从头开始制作 Tomcat 镜像：xxx

1. 编写 DockerFile

    DockerFile 是用来构建 docker 镜像的命令参数脚本。DockerFile 是面向软件开发人员的。开发完成后我们要把项目打包成为一个镜像，就必须写 DockerFile。在本小节中，我们将关注如何编写 dockerfile。

    首先我们看一下一些约定：

  • 每个保留的关键字 (指令) 都必须是大写字母
  • 指令从上到下顺序执行
  • # 表示注释
  • 每一个指令都会创建提交一个新的镜像 Layer

    下面我们看一下各个 DockerFile 指令：

指令 描述 例子
FROM 来自哪个基础镜像 
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FROM centos
MAINTAINER 镜像开发者信息 (姓名+邮箱) 
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MAINTAINER zobinHuang<zobin1999@gmail.com>
RUN 镜像构建的时候需要运行的命令 
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RUN yum install -y net-tools
ADD 基于基础镜像，向我们的新镜像中拷贝文件(一般是压缩文件)，并且会自动解压 
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ADD centos-8-x86_64.tar.xz
WORKDIR 镜像默认工作目录 
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WORKDIR /usr/lib
VOLUME 容器卷挂载，详情可看 Docker 容器数据卷 
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VOLUME ["/volume_1", "/volume_2"]
EXPOSE 用于暴露端口 
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EXPOSE 80
CMD 指定容器运行的时候要执行的指令，只有最后一个指令会生效，可被替代 
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CMD ["ls", "-a"]
ENTRYPOINT 指定容器运行的时候要执行的指令，可以追加参数 
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ENTRYPOINT ["ls", "-a"]
ONBUILD 触发指令。当构建一个被继承的 DockerFile 时就会运行 ONBUILD 指令
COPY 类似 ADD，将文件拷贝到容器中
ENV 构建的时候设置环境变量 
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ENV MYPATH /usr/lib

    另外这里我们可以关注 "CMD" 和 "ENTRYPOINT" 的区别：

    我们可以使用 CMD 命令来指定一条我们进入容器后会被自动执行的命令： 

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CMD ["ls", "-a"]

    当我们写了多条 CMD 命令时，只有最后一条 CMD 命令会被执行，这是由于 CMD 命令的替代机制。另外，假设我们基于包含 "CMD ls -a" 的 DockerFile 构建镜像并且启动容器，假设我们想在命令行中追加参数，我们会得到下面的结果： 

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# 先尝试正常运行，不添加任何参数，会发现就直接执行了 ls -a 命令
$ docker run -it mycentos:0.2
.   .dockerenv  dev  home  lib64       media  opt   root  sbin  sys  usr
..  bin         etc  lib   lost+found  mnt    proc  run   srv   tmp  var

# 追加参数 -l，会发现报错了，这是因为 -l 直接把整个 ls -a 替代了，而 -l 并不是一个命令
$ docker run -it mycentos:0.2 -l
docker: Error response from daemon: OCI runtime create failed: container_linux.go:380: starting container process caused: exec: "-l": executable file not found in $PATH: unknown.
ERRO[0000] error waiting for container: context canceled 

# 使用完整的命令 ls -al，就能运行成功
$ docker run -it mycentos:0.2 ls -al
total 0
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root   6 Jul 12 07:06 .
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root   6 Jul 12 07:06 ..
-rwxr-xr-x.   1 root root   0 Jul 12 07:06 .dockerenv
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   7 Nov  3  2020 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x.   5 root root 360 Jul 12 07:06 dev
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root  66 Jul 12 07:06 etc
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 home
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   7 Nov  3  2020 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   9 Nov  3  2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------.   2 root root   6 Dec  4  2020 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 media
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 mnt
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 421 root root   0 Jul 12 07:06 proc
dr-xr-x---.   2 root root 162 Dec  4  2020 root
drwxr-xr-x.  11 root root 163 Dec  4  2020 run
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   8 Nov  3  2020 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 srv
dr-xr-xr-x.  13 root root   0 Jun 10 06:14 sys
drwxrwxrwt.   7 root root 145 Dec  4  2020 tmp
drwxr-xr-x.  12 root root 144 Dec  4  2020 usr
drwxr-xr-x.  20 root root 262 Dec  4  2020 var

    现在我们改写为 ENTRYPOINT 的形式，首先修改 DockerFile 文件并且构建镜像： 

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FROM centos
ENTRYPOINT ["ls", "-a"]

    我们运行这个镜像，注意和 CMD 的情况进行对比： 

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# 先尝试正常运行，不添加任何参数，会发现就直接执行了 ls -a 命令
$ docker run -it mycentos:0.3
.   .dockerenv  dev  home  lib64       media  opt   root  sbin  sys  usr
..  bin         etc  lib   lost+found  mnt    proc  run   srv   tmp  var

# 追加参数 -l，会发现追加成功
$ docker run -it mycentos:0.3 -l
total 0
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root   6 Jul 12 07:16 .
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root   6 Jul 12 07:16 ..
-rwxr-xr-x.   1 root root   0 Jul 12 07:16 .dockerenv
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   7 Nov  3  2020 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x.   5 root root 360 Jul 12 07:16 dev
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root  66 Jul 12 07:16 etc
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 home
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   7 Nov  3  2020 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   9 Nov  3  2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------.   2 root root   6 Dec  4  2020 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 media
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 mnt
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 455 root root   0 Jul 12 07:16 proc
dr-xr-x---.   2 root root 162 Dec  4  2020 root
drwxr-xr-x.  11 root root 163 Dec  4  2020 run
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   8 Nov  3  2020 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   6 Nov  3  2020 srv
dr-xr-xr-x.  13 root root   0 Jun 10 06:14 sys
drwxrwxrwt.   7 root root 145 Dec  4  2020 tmp
drwxr-xr-x.  12 root root 144 Dec  4  2020 usr
drwxr-xr-x.  20 root root 262 Dec  4  2020 var

# 尝试使用完整的命令 ls -al，发现运行失败，因为 ENTRYPOINT 是追加参数而不是替换命令
$ docker run -it mycentos:0.3 ls -al
ls: cannot access 'ls': No such file or directory

    下面我们尝试基于现有的 centos 镜像构建我们的新镜像。首先编写一个 DockerFile 文件如下： 

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# 基于哪个镜像构建
FROM centos

# 开发人员信息
MAINTAINER zobinHuang<zobin1999@gmail.com>

# 设置环境变量 MYPATH
ENV MYPATH /usr/local

# 设置工作目录，此处即为 MYPATH 指向的目录
WORKDIR $MYPATH

# 执行一些指令 (此处为使用 yum 安装 vim 和 net-tools)
RUN yum -y install vim
RUN yum -y install net-tools

# 暴露 80 端口
EXPOSE 80

# 最后是运行容器的时候要运行的命令
CMD echo $MYPATH
CMD echo "-----end-----"
CMD /bin/bash

2. docker build 构建镜像

    下面我们通过运行 docker build 命令来根据我们在上一小节中写的 dockerfile 文件，构建出我们的自定义 centos 镜像： 

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$ docker build -f mydockerfile -t mycentos:0.1 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  2.048kB
Step 1/10 : FROM centos
---> 300e315adb2f
Step 2/10 : MAINTAINER zobinHuang<zobin1999@gmail.com>
---> Running in 9d0317f73816
Removing intermediate container 9d0317f73816
---> a579f8eb098d
Step 3/10 : ENV MYPATH /usr/local
---> Running in 15a1d23a3c96
Removing intermediate container 15a1d23a3c96
---> d98e0af00e56
Step 4/10 : WORKDIR $MYPATH
---> Running in 5432f1e8604e
Removing intermediate container 5432f1e8604e
---> 0ce65f0b522c
Step 5/10 : RUN yum -y install vim
---> Running in 169c675ed9f4
CentOS Linux 8 - AppStream                      5.3 MB/s | 8.1 MB     00:01    
CentOS Linux 8 - BaseOS                         465 kB/s | 3.6 MB     00:07    
CentOS Linux 8 - Extras                          16 kB/s | 9.8 kB     00:00    
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package             Arch        Version                   Repository      Size
================================================================================
Installing:
vim-enhanced        x86_64      2:8.0.1763-15.el8         appstream      1.4 M
Installing dependencies:
gpm-libs            x86_64      1.20.7-17.el8             appstream       39 k
vim-common          x86_64      2:8.0.1763-15.el8         appstream      6.3 M
vim-filesystem      noarch      2:8.0.1763-15.el8         appstream       48 k
which               x86_64      2.21-12.el8               baseos          49 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  5 Packages

Total download size: 7.8 M
Installed size: 30 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/5): gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64.rpm         34 kB/s |  39 kB     00:01    
(2/5): vim-filesystem-8.0.1763-15.el8.noarch.rp 795 kB/s |  48 kB     00:00    
(3/5): which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64.rpm             298 kB/s |  49 kB     00:00    
(4/5): vim-enhanced-8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64.rpm  758 kB/s | 1.4 MB     00:01    
(5/5): vim-common-8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64.rpm    2.4 MB/s | 6.3 MB     00:02    
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                           906 kB/s | 7.8 MB     00:08     
warning: /var/cache/dnf/appstream-02e86d1c976ab532/packages/gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 8483c65d: NOKEY
CentOS Linux 8 - AppStream                      1.6 MB/s | 1.6 kB     00:00    
Importing GPG key 0x8483C65D:
Userid     : "CentOS (CentOS Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
Fingerprint: 99DB 70FA E1D7 CE22 7FB6 4882 05B5 55B3 8483 C65D
From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
Key imported successfully
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                        1/1 
  Installing       : which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64                               1/5 
  Installing       : vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.noarch                2/5 
  Installing       : vim-common-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                    3/5 
  Installing       : gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64                          4/5 
  Running scriptlet: gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64                          4/5 
  Installing       : vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                  5/5 
  Running scriptlet: vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                  5/5 
  Running scriptlet: vim-common-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                    5/5 
  Verifying        : gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64                          1/5 
  Verifying        : vim-common-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                    2/5 
  Verifying        : vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                  3/5 
  Verifying        : vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.noarch                4/5 
  Verifying        : which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64                               5/5 

Installed:
  gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64         vim-common-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64    
  vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64 vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.noarch
  which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64             

Complete!
Removing intermediate container 169c675ed9f4
---> 6ccedf5de6fd
Step 6/10 : RUN yum -y install net-tools
---> Running in b10d6ba94a8e
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:16 ago on Mon Jul 12 06:27:31 2021.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package         Architecture Version                        Repository    Size
================================================================================
Installing:
net-tools       x86_64       2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8       baseos       322 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 322 k
Installed size: 942 k
Downloading Packages:
net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64.rpm   955 kB/s | 322 kB     00:00    
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                           411 kB/s | 322 kB     00:00     
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                        1/1 
  Installing       : net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64              1/1 
  Running scriptlet: net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64              1/1 
  Verifying        : net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64              1/1 

Installed:
  net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64                                     

Complete!
Removing intermediate container b10d6ba94a8e
---> 502d91d3d7a4
Step 7/10 : EXPOSE 80
---> Running in e0b0f8b70713
Removing intermediate container e0b0f8b70713
---> c8c0857ae36c
Step 8/10 : CMD echo $MYPATH
---> Running in 28e24c189b3d
Removing intermediate container 28e24c189b3d
---> 00fd34ae930e
Step 9/10 : CMD echo "-----end-----"
---> Running in b31ece01c408
Removing intermediate container b31ece01c408
---> 922f57a2c33c
Step 10/10 : CMD /bin/bash
---> Running in f49b27f0fd20
Removing intermediate container f49b27f0fd20
---> a2fbe914cbd0
Successfully built a2fbe914cbd0
Successfully tagged mycentos:0.1

    在完成镜像构建后，我们就拿到了我们自己制作的镜像，可以尝试运行了。

3. docker run 运行镜像

    首先基于我们上一小节的操作，确认我们的镜像构建成功了： 

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$ docker images
REPOSITORY               TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
mycentos                 0.1       a2fbe914cbd0   7 minutes ago   299MB

    我们可以使用 docker history 命令来查看这个镜像的构建历史： 

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$ docker history a2fbe914cbd0
IMAGE          CREATED          CREATED BY                                      SIZE      COMMENT
a2fbe914cbd0   16 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "/bin…   0B        
922f57a2c33c   16 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "echo…   0B        
00fd34ae930e   16 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "echo…   0B        
c8c0857ae36c   16 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  EXPOSE 80                    0B        
502d91d3d7a4   16 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c yum -y install net-tools             26.6MB    
6ccedf5de6fd   16 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c yum -y install vim                   63.4MB    
0ce65f0b522c   16 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop) WORKDIR /usr/local            0B        
d98e0af00e56   16 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV MYPATH=/usr/local        0B        
a579f8eb098d   16 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  MAINTAINER zobinHuang<zob…   0B        
300e315adb2f   7 months ago     /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/bash"]            0B        
<missing>      7 months ago     /bin/sh -c #(nop)  LABEL org.label-schema.sc…   0B        
<missing>      7 months ago     /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:bd7a2aed6ede423b7…   209MB

    我们使用 docker run 启动容器并且进入容器观察一下： 

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[root@ks dockerfile_example]$ docker run -it mycentos:0.1

# 首先我们发现，我们进入容器后的目录是我们使用 WORKDIR 设置的目录
[root@8c7bc0c111c6 local]$ pwd
/usr/local

# 测试 ifconfig 命令，发现也生效了 (原生的 centos 镜像是没有 net-tools 的)
[root@8c7bc0c111c6 local]$ ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.17.0.2  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.17.255.255
        ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 25  bytes 2915 (2.8 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

4. 实例：从头开始制作 Tomcat 镜像

    在本小节，我们将尝试自己从头开始制作 Tomcat 镜像。首先我们需要准备 tomcat 的压缩包和 jdk 的压缩包 (i.e. 分别前往官网获取下载链接：Apache Tomcat 和 Oracle Java SE Development Kit 8 Downloads)，Oracle JDK 由于存在 SSO 登录下载机制，所以只能够下载到本地再上传到服务器，Tomcat 压缩包则可以直接命令行下载： 

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# 下载 tomcat.tar.gz
wget https://mirrors.ocf.berkeley.edu/apache/tomcat/tomcat-10/v10.0.8/bin/apache-tomcat-10.0.8.tar.gz

    这样子我们现在目录下准备好两个压缩包： 

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$ ls
apache-tomcat-10.0.8.tar.gz  jdk-8u291-linux-aarch64.tar.gz

    然后我们编写一个较为复杂的 DockerFile： 

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FROM centos

MAINTAINER zobinHuang<zobin1999@gmail.com>

# 添加压缩包
ADD jdk-8u291-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local
ADD apache-tomcat-10.0.8.tar.gz /usr/local

RUN yum -y install vim

# 配置工作目录
ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH

# JAVA 环境变量
ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_291
ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar

# TOMCAT 环境变量
ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-10.0.8
ENV CATALINA_BASH /usr/local/apache-tomcat-10.0.8

# 配置 PATH
ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/bin

# 暴露端口
EXPOSE 8080

# 启动 Tomcat
CMD /usr/local/apache-tomcat-10.0.8/bin/startup.sh && tail -F /usr/local/apache-tomcat-10.0.8/bin/logs/catalina.out

    然后我们使用 docker build 来构建我们的镜像： 

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$ docker build -t mytomcat .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  156.8MB
Step 1/14 : FROM  centos
---> 300e315adb2f
Step 2/14 : MAINTAINER zobinHuang<zobin1999@gmail.com>
---> Using cache
---> a579f8eb098d
Step 3/14 : ADD jdk-8u291-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local
---> 2a1e0dd51de7
Step 4/14 : ADD apache-tomcat-10.0.8.tar.gz /usr/local
---> c135a9661417
Step 5/14 : RUN yum -y install vim
---> Running in e34ffe9ad2b4
CentOS Linux 8 - AppStream                      2.1 MB/s | 8.1 MB     00:03    
CentOS Linux 8 - BaseOS                         1.6 MB/s | 3.6 MB     00:02    
CentOS Linux 8 - Extras                         1.1 kB/s | 9.8 kB     00:08    
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package             Arch        Version                   Repository      Size
================================================================================
Installing:
vim-enhanced        x86_64      2:8.0.1763-15.el8         appstream      1.4 M
Installing dependencies:
gpm-libs            x86_64      1.20.7-17.el8             appstream       39 k
vim-common          x86_64      2:8.0.1763-15.el8         appstream      6.3 M
vim-filesystem      noarch      2:8.0.1763-15.el8         appstream       48 k
which               x86_64      2.21-12.el8               baseos          49 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  5 Packages

Total download size: 7.8 M
Installed size: 30 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/5): gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64.rpm        109 kB/s |  39 kB     00:00    
(2/5): vim-filesystem-8.0.1763-15.el8.noarch.rp 769 kB/s |  48 kB     00:00    
(3/5): vim-enhanced-8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64.rpm  1.3 MB/s | 1.4 MB     00:01    
(4/5): vim-common-8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64.rpm    3.1 MB/s | 6.3 MB     00:02    
(5/5): which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64.rpm             9.4 kB/s |  49 kB     00:05    
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                           1.1 MB/s | 7.8 MB     00:06     
warning: /var/cache/dnf/appstream-02e86d1c976ab532/packages/gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 8483c65d: NOKEY
CentOS Linux 8 - AppStream                      1.6 MB/s | 1.6 kB     00:00    
Importing GPG key 0x8483C65D:
Userid     : "CentOS (CentOS Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
Fingerprint: 99DB 70FA E1D7 CE22 7FB6 4882 05B5 55B3 8483 C65D
From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
Key imported successfully
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                        1/1 
  Installing       : which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64                               1/5 
  Installing       : vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.noarch                2/5 
  Installing       : vim-common-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                    3/5 
  Installing       : gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64                          4/5 
  Running scriptlet: gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64                          4/5 
  Installing       : vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                  5/5 
  Running scriptlet: vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                  5/5 
  Running scriptlet: vim-common-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                    5/5 
  Verifying        : gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64                          1/5 
  Verifying        : vim-common-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                    2/5 
  Verifying        : vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                  3/5 
  Verifying        : vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.noarch                4/5 
  Verifying        : which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64                               5/5 

Installed:
  gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64         vim-common-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64    
  vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64 vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.noarch
  which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64             

Complete!
Removing intermediate container e34ffe9ad2b4
---> d3ad66e5405a
Step 6/14 : ENV MYPATH /usr/local
---> Running in deddbfd1b257
Removing intermediate container deddbfd1b257
---> f082e35c0001
Step 7/14 : WORKDIR $MYPATH
---> Running in 4ed9b14663b1
Removing intermediate container 4ed9b14663b1
---> 8873fb923d98
Step 8/14 : ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_291
---> Running in 41827bbc1688
Removing intermediate container 41827bbc1688
---> 06f1739afc02
Step 9/14 : ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
---> Running in 08ed38dcf477
Removing intermediate container 08ed38dcf477
---> 33c9924c05bc
Step 10/14 : ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-10.0.8
---> Running in 08a8436bd05e
Removing intermediate container 08a8436bd05e
---> 988e9af753c8
Step 11/14 : ENV CATALINA_BASH /usr/local/apache-tomcat-10.0.8
---> Running in b1ab57eae67b
Removing intermediate container b1ab57eae67b
---> 552e962ef7bb
Step 12/14 : ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/bin
---> Running in dfa06ae91fed
Removing intermediate container dfa06ae91fed
---> 9aef46472ddf
Step 13/14 : EXPOSE 8080
---> Running in c9395f889af4
Removing intermediate container c9395f889af4
---> ee6b906badb7
Step 14/14 : CMD /usr/local/apache-tomcat-10.0.8/bin/startup.sh && tail -F /usr/local/apache-tomcat-10.0.8/bin/logs/catalina.out
---> Running in 42f0f2629b35
Removing intermediate container 42f0f2629b35
---> 3a678aa6d0fc
Successfully built 3a678aa6d0fc
Successfully tagged mytomcat:latest

    然后我们将这个容器运行起来，并且附上数据卷挂载的内容： 

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$ docker run -d -p 9090:8080 --name mytomcat01 -v /home/tomcat_example/build/test:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-10.0.8/webapps/test -v /home/tomcat_example/build/tomcatlogs/:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-10.0.8/logs mytomcat
5c87c810084900fe545659108fbb744b12a61a7019f8a702eaee27a325eaba05

    启动之后，我们可以访问我们的 Tomcat，发现访问成功：

    由于我们做了卷挂载，所以我们现在直接在本地就能实现网页发布。我们在本地挂载的目录下创建这样的结构： 

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$ pwd
/home/tomcat_example/build/test

$ tree .
.
├── index.jsp
└── WEB-INF
    └── web.xml

1 directory, 2 files

    我们在 index.html 中写下下面的内容： 

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>zobin!</title>
</head>
<body>
    <%
        System.out.println("log test");
    %>
    <h1>Diy our Tomcat!</h1>
</body>
</html>

    我们在 ./WEB-INF/web.xml 下写下下面的内容： 

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>   
<!DOCTYPE web-app    
PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"    
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd">   
<web-app>   
<!-- … -->   
<servlet>   
    <servlet-name>Test</servlet-name>   
    <servlet-class>moreservlets.TestServlet</servlet-class>   
</servlet>   
<!-- … -->   
</web-app>

    我们尝试访问我们 web-root-path/test 这个 root，其中 web-root-path 是 "ip:绑定的端口号"，我们可以发现已经发布成功：

    我们此时查看我们的日志，也可以发现日志内容： 

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$ pwd
/home/tomcat_example/build/tomcatlogs

$ ls
catalina.2021-07-12.log  catalina.out  localhost.2021-07-12.log  localhost_access_log.2021-07-12.txt

$ cat catalina.out
...省略
log test
log test
log test
log test
log test
log test
log test
log test
log test